Vakulchuk Olha

Development of Mass-Circulation Newspapers in Ukraine as a Mass Type of Primary Press (1930 s)

Abstract: This article deals with the factories mass-circulation newspapers issued in 1930 s in the territory of modern Ukraine. The peculiarities of their development and operation in the light of social and political situation are characterized, the topics of publications are analysed. Mass-circulation newspapers are considered as a component of the general system of Soviet periodicals, one of its elements, the mass type of the primary press. The question of bibliographic processing of an array of multi-circulation newspapers by creating traditional and electronic library and information resources is raised.1930 s was decisive for the development of the mass-circulation press as it was finally approved as a specific mass type of print media. Every enterprise, either small or big, was aimed at publishing its own newspaper. The topics of publications of mass-circulation newspapers were quite extensive: party life, industrial successes and problems, everyday life, cultural and mass work, social issues, etc. However, unlike 1920 s, the pages of mass-circulation newspapers carried international, all-Union, and republican information with increasing frequency. In addition, these publications underwent some changes in the structure, form and methods of work, the amount of information increased, topics expanded, information was presented in a more professional way; the audience of these publications grew significantly. Engineers and technical personnel became more and more involved in the work of newspapers.At the same time newspapers of the USSR–UkrSSR in the 1930-s represented the era of formation and establishment of totalitarianism, the rigid unification of the whole social life of the country. During this period, the authorities eliminated all manifestations of alternative opinion, and the process of denationalization of the republic’s press unfolded.Currently, V. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (NBUV) is conducting a historical and bibliographic study of the press. In 2019, the Department of Press Studies of the NBUV began a comprehensive study of the mass-circulation press of Ukraine. In the context of the formation of electronic library and information resources of the press, the specialists of the Department of Press Studies created an electronic catalog of Ukrainian newspapers of 1816–2016 from the NBUV archives representing the whole spectrum of Ukrainian newspaper periodicals over 200 years, including mass-circulation publications.

Keywords: mass-circulation newspapers, 1930 s, Ukrainian bibliographic repertoire, library and information resources.

  Full-text PDF    https://doi.org/10.15407/np.58.363     Citation

• Vakulchuk Olha (V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, Ukraine, Kyiv) ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4171-3886

Cite:
Vakulchuk Olha (2020). Development of Mass-Circulation Newspapers in Ukraine as a Mass Type of Primary Press (1930 s). Academic Papers of The Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, (58) 363-376. (In Ukrainan). doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/np.58.363

References:

1. Kuznetsov, I. V. (2003). Istoriia otechestvennoi zhurnalistiki (1917–2000) : Uchebnyi komplekt (Uchebnoie posobiie. Khrestomatiia) [History of Russian Journalism (1917–2000)]. Moscow [in Russian].
2. Soloshchenko, N. V. (2019). Mnogotirazhnaia pechat kak istochnik po izucheniiu protsessa formirovaniia «novogo cheloveka» v sovetskoi promyshlennosti pervykh piatiletok [The mass-circulation press as a source for study of the process of forming a «new man» in the Soviet industry during the first five-year plans]. Istoricheskii zhurnal: nauchnyie issledovaniia – History Journal: Research, no. 3, pp. 106–117 [in Russian].
3. Petrov, V. A. (1999). Gazeta trudovogo kollektiva kak istoricheskii istochnik (na materialakh gazety «Kirovets» [The newspaper of work community as a historical source (case of the newspaper «Kirovets»]. Vspomogatelnyie istoricheskie distsipliny – Auxiliary historical discipline, vol. 21, pp. 66–73. Leningrad [in Russian].
4. Vorobieva, I. Ya., Samoshenko, V. N. (1970). Mnogotirazhka kak istoricheskii istochnik (po materialam gazety «Za peredovuiu tekhniku») [Mass-circulation newspaper as a historical source (case of the newspaper «For Advanced Equipment»]. Sovetskie arkhivy – Soviet Archives, no. 6, pp. 54–62. Moscow [in Russian].
5. Gorev, B. (1932). Zavodskie gazety kak istochnik dlia istorii zavodov [Factory newspapers as a source for the history of factories]. Istoriia zavodov – History of factories, issue 3, pp. 156–157. Moscow [in Russian].
6. Alekseeva, M. I. (1970). Gazeta v zerkale sotsiologicheskogo analiza [Newspaper in the mirror of sociological analysis.]. Leningrad [in Russian].
7. Vychub, G. (1972). Mnogotirazhnaia pechat v sisteme sovetskoi pressy (k istorii vozniknoveniia, razvitiia i funktsionirovaniia) [The large-circulation newspapers in the system of the Soviet press (on the history of origins, development and functioning)]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Moscow [in Russian].
8. Slanskaia, M. D. (1972). Formirovanie i deiatelnost mnogotirazhnoi pechati v gody pervoi piatiletki (po materialam gazet novostroek tiazheloi indystrii SSSR [Formation and activity of newspapers with large circulation in the years of the first five-year plan (based on the materials of newspapers of new buildings of the heavy industry of the USSR)]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Moscow [in Russian].
9. Kainara, A. M. (1991). Rabselkorovskoie dvizhenie v Ukraine v 1933–1937 gody (istoriko-partiinyi aspekt) [Workers’ and collective farmers correspondents movement in Ukraine in 1933–1937 (historical-party aspect)]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Kiev [in Russian].
10. Tsvetkov, V. P. (1962). Kommunisticheskaia partiia – organizator i rukovoditel dvizheniia rabochikh korrespondentov v pervyie gody industrializatsii strany (1926–1929 gg.) [Communist Party − the organizer and leader of the workers’ correspondents movement in the first years of the country’s industrialization (1926–1929)]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Kharkov [in Russian].
11. Stepanchuk, Yu. S. (2003). Robsilkorivskyi rukh v umovakh formuvannia totalitarnoi systemy v Ukraini [Workers’ and collective farmers correspondents movement and formation of totalitarian system in Ukraine]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu «Lvivska politekhnika» – Bulletin of the National University «Lviv Polytechnic», no. 493 : State and Army, pp. 175–182 [in Ukrainian].
12. Yurov, Yu. (1960). Tvoia zavodskaia gazeta. [Your factory newspaper]. Moscow [in Russian].
13. Avdeev, V., Dobrynin, O. (1931). Gazeta na proizvodstve. Istoriia vozniknoveniia i organizatsii khoziaistva fabrichno-zavodskoi pechati g. Leningrada [Newspaper on factory. The history of the origin and organization of the factory press industry in Leningrad]. Leningrad [in Russian].
14. Strzyzhowski, F. (Comp.). (1957). Bolshiie dela malenkikh gazet : sbornik statey [Big deeds of small newspapers: collection of articles]. Moscow [in Russian].
15. Biplian. (1930). Partkolektyvy ne dopomahaiut bahatotyrazhkam [Party groups do not help large-circulation newspapers]. Proletarska Pravda – Proletarian Truth, 15 February [in Ukrainian].
16. TsDAHO Ukrainy [Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine]. Fund 1. Description. 20. Case. 6841. Sheets 108, 117,135 [in Ukrainian].
17. Verstiuk, V. F., Dziuba, O. M., Repryntsev, V. F. (1995). Ukraina vid naidavnishykh chasiv do siohodennia: khronolohichnyi dovidnyk [Ukraine from ancient times to the present: a chronological guide]. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
18. Rekord zaboyshchika Stakhanova [Miner Stakhanov’s record]. (1935). Pravda – True, September 2 [in Russian].
19. Idiom ot pobedy k pobede. Pismo Nikity Izotova [We go from victory to victory. Letter from Nikita Izotov] (1934). Prapor sotsializmu – Flag of Socialism, July10 [in Russian].
20. 1935 god [1935 year.] (1935). Pravda – True, 1935. January 1 [in Russian].